
4.17 Variational calculus
Problem:
Find the eigenvalues and the eigenfunctions of the functional:
\[
\begin{array}{l}
\mathcal{T}[y]=\int_{0}^{1}\left(y^{2}+\left(y^{\prime}\right)^{2}\right) d x, \quad y(0)=y(1)=0, \\
\int_{0}^{1} y^{2} d x=0 .
\end{array}
\]