MathProblemsBank - bank of mathematical problems and solutions/…

MathProblemsBank banner

Math Problems and solutions

Attention! If a subsection is selected, then the search will be performed in it!

Problem: The batch of products contains 4 products with a defect and 6 proper-quality products. One product is taken out randomly, its quality is tested and it's not returned to the batch. From the products remaining in the batch another one is selected, tested. Let $ \xi_{1} $ be the number of proper-quality products during the first retreatment, and the random variable $ \xi_{2} $ is the number of proper-quality products during the first retreatment. 1. Make the joint distribution table of these random variables. 2. Find the marginal distribution laws of these variables. 3. Calculate the expected values of these random variables and write the expected value of the vector $ \eta==\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $. 4. Calculate the dispersions, moment and the correlation coefficient of these random variables. Write the covariance and correlation matrices. 5. Compose a conditional distribution series of the random variable $ \xi_{1} $ under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{2}=1 $, and then a conditional distribution series of the random variable $ \xi_{2} $, under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{1}=0 $. Will the random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $ be dependent?

15.5.7 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

5.15 $

Problem: The distribution table of the discrete random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $ is known: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & 0 & 1 & 3 \\ \hline$ x_{i} $ & & & \\ \hline-2 & 0.01 & 0.02 & 0.03 \\ \hline-1 & 0.01 & 0 & 0.01 \\ \hline 0 & 0.02 & 0.5 & 0.4 \\ \hline \end{tabular} 1) Find the marginal laws of distribution for random variables. 2) Compose a conditional distribution series of the random variable $ \xi_{1} $ under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{2}=1 $, and then a conditional distribution series of the random variable $ \xi_{2} $, under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{1}=-1 $. Will the random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $ be dependent? 3) Calculate $ E\left[\xi_{1}^{2}-\xi_{2}\right] $. 4) Find the probability $ P\left\{\left(\xi_{1}^{2}-\xi_{2}\right)=-1\right\} $.

15.5.8 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

3.34 $

Problem: The distribution table of the discrete random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $ is given: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & -1 & 0 & 1 \\ \hline$ x_{i} $ & & & \\ \hline-1 & $ 1 / 8 $ & $ 1 / 12 $ & $ 7 / 24 $ \\ \hline 1 & $ 5 / 24 $ & $ 1 / 6 $ & $ 1 / 8 $ \\ \hline \end{tabular} 1) Find the marginal laws of distribution for random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $. 2) Calculate $ E\left[\xi_{1} / \xi_{2}\right] $ and $ E\left[\xi_{2} / \xi_{1}=1\right] $. 3) Make the distribution tables of random variables $ \tau_{1}=\xi_{1} \xi_{2} $ and $ \tau_{2}=\xi_{1}+\xi_{2} $.

15.5.9 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

2.57 $

Problem: Two cubes are tossed. Let $ \xi_{1} $ be the random variable which takes the values, equal to 1 , if the sum of the numbers on the upper faces of both cubes is an even number, and the values equal to 0 , if the indicated sum is an odd number. Let $ \xi_{2} $ be a random variable, which is equal to 1 , if the sum of the numbers of the upper faces of both cubes is divided by 3 , and is otherwise equal to 0 . 1. Find the distribution table of the two-dimensional random discrete vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $, composed of these variables. 2. Calculate the expected value of this vector $ E[\eta] $ and the covariance matrix $ V_{\eta} $. 3. Will these random variables be correlated? 4. Will these random variables be dependent?

15.5.10 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

3.86 $

Problem: Find the law of distribution of the random variable $ \tau=\left|\xi_{1}-\xi_{2}\right| $, if the distribution table of the discrete random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $ is given: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & -2 & -1 & 3 \\ $ x_{i} $ & & & \\ \hline-2 & 0.1 & 0.15 & 0.2 \\ \hline-1 & 0.15 & 0.25 & 0.15 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Calculate the expected value and the dispersion of $ \tau $.

15.5.11 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

2.06 $

Problem: Is it possible to make a distribution table of the random vector $ \eta_{1}=\left(\tau_{1}, \tau_{2}\right)^{T} $, where $ \tau_{1}=2 \xi_{1}- $ $ -3 \xi_{2}+4, \tau_{2}=\xi_{1}^{\xi_{2}} $, if the distribution table of the discrete random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $ is known? \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & 0 & 1 & 2 \\ \hline$ x_{i} $ & & & \\ \hline-1 & 0.1 & 0.2 & 0.3 \\ \hline 1 & 0.2 & 0.1 & 0.1 \\ \hline \end{tabular} Find, if it's possible under the given complex of conditions, the expected value of the vector $ E\left[\eta_{1}\right] $ and the covariance of the matrix $ V_{\eta_{1}} $.

15.5.12 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

5.15 $

Problem: The joint probability distribution of the change in the yield of two stocks of the form $ A $ and $ B $ (random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $ ) is given by the following table: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & $ 2 \% $ & $ 6 \% $ & $ 9 \% $ & $ 15 \% $ & $ 20 \% $ \\ \hline $ 6 \% $ & 0.1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline $ 8 \% $ & 0 & 0.2 & 0 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline $ 10 \% $ & 0 & 0 & 0.4 & 0 & 0 \\ \hline $ 12 \% $ & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.2 & 0 \\ \hline $ 14 \% $ & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0.1 \\ \hline \end{tabular} 1. Compose partial distribution laws for each indicator (for random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $ ). 2. Find the expected yield and the yield curve risk for each valuable security (calculate the expected value and the dispersion for each random variable). 3. Do the yields of valuable securities correlate with each other? What is the power of dependence between them (calculate the correlation coefficient)? 4. Find a conditional distribution series for the yields of the stock of the form $ A $ (the first random variable $ \xi_{1} $ ) under the condition that the yields of the stock of the form $ B $ is equal to $ 9 \% $ (the random variable $ \xi_{2}=9 $ ), and then a conditional distribution series for the yields of the stock of the form $ B $ (the random variable $ \xi_{2} $ ) under the condition that the yields of the stock of the form $ A $ is equal to $ 14 \% $ (the random variable $ \xi_{1}=14 $ ). Will the yields of these valuable securities (random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $ ) dependent?

15.5.13 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

3.86 $

Problem: The components of the two-dimensional discrete random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $ are independent random variables. The distribution tables of these random variables are following ones: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|} \hline$ x_{i} $ & -2 & 3 \\ \hline$ p_{i} $ & $ 5 / 6 $ & $ 1 / 6 $ \\ \hline \end{tabular} \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & -2 & -1 & 0 & 1 \\ \hline$ q_{j} $ & $ 1 / 4 $ & $ 1 / 4 $ & $ 1 / 4 $ & $ 1 / 4 $ \\ \hline \end{tabular} 1. Make the distribution table of the random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $. 2.Calculate the expected value of this vector $ E[\eta] $ and the covariance matrix of $ V_{\eta} $. 3. Is it possible to immediately say what all the conditional series of distributions of each random variable will be?

15.5.14 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

5.15 $

Problem: The distribution table of the two-dimensional discrete random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $ is given: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & -2 & 0 & 2 \\ \hline$ x_{i} $ & & & \\ \hline-3 & $ 1 / 8 $ & $ \mathrm{c} $ & $ 7 / 24 $ \\ \hline 3 & $ 5 / 24 $ & $ 1 / 6 $ & $ 1 / 8 $ \\ \hline \end{tabular} 1. Find the constant $ c $ and partial distribution laws of the random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $. 2. Calculate the expected values $ E\left[\xi_{1}\right], E\left[\xi_{2}\right] $ and the dispersions $ V\left[\xi_{1}\right], V\left[\xi_{2}\right] $, as well as the moment of correlation $ V_{\xi_{1} \xi_{2}} $ and the correlation coefficient $ \rho_{\xi_{1} \xi_{2}} $. 3. Will the random variables be independent? 4. Make the distribution table of the new random vector $ \eta_{1}=\left(\tau_{1}, \tau_{2}\right)^{T} $, where $ \tau_{1}=\xi_{1}+\xi_{2}, \tau_{2}=\xi_{1} \xi_{2} $. 5. Find $ E\left[\eta_{1}\right] $ and the covariance matrix $ V_{\eta_{1}} $.

15.5.15 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

6.43 $

Problem: Two tetrahedrons, with numbered faces, are tossed. Let $ \xi_{1} $ be the random variable, which takes values equal to 1 , if the sum of the numbers on the lower faces is an odd number, and the value is equal to 0 , if the indicated sum will be an odd number. Let $ \xi_{2} $ be a random variable, which is equal to 1 , if the sum of the points on the lower faces of both tetrahedrons is divisible by 4 , and is otherwise equal to 0 . 1. Find the distribution table of the two-dimensional discrete random vector $ \eta $, composed of these variables. 2. Calculate the expected value of the vector $ E[\eta] $ and the covariance matrix $ V_{\eta} $. 3. Find all the conditional distribution series for the random variable $ \xi_{1} $ under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{2}=y_{j} $, and then all the conditional distribution series for the random variable $ \xi_{2} $ under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{1}=x_{i} $. Will the random variables $ \xi_{1} $ and $ \xi_{2} $ be dependent? 4. Calculate all the values of the conditional expected values $ E\left[\xi_{1} / \xi_{2}\right] $ and $ E\left[\xi_{2} / \xi_{1}\right] $.

15.5.16 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

5.15 $

Problem: The ball is tossed into the basketball hoop. The probability of a success by one toss is equal to 0,85 . Let the random variable $ \xi_{1} $ be the number of successful tosses, and the random variable $ \xi_{2} $ be the number of misses by three tosses. 1. Make the distribution table of the random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $. 2. Calculate the expected value of the random vector $ E[\eta] $ and its covariance matrix $ V_{\eta} $. 3. Find all the conditional distribution series for the random variable $ \xi_{1} $ under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{2}=y_{j} $. 4. Calculate $ E\left[\xi_{2} / \xi_{1}=x_{i}\right] $. Draw all points of the form $ \left(x_{i} ; E\left[\xi_{2} / \xi_{1}=x_{i}\right]\right) $ in the Cartesian coordinate system. What can you say about the character of the distribution of these points?

15.5.17 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

6.43 $

Problem: The random variable $ \xi $ is distributed according to Bernoulli's principle with the parameter $ p=0,65 $. Make the distribution table of the random vector $ \eta=\left(\xi_{1}, \xi_{2}\right)^{T} $, where $ \xi_{1}=\xi $, and $ \xi_{2}=\xi^{3} $. 1. Calculate the expected value of the random vector $ E[\eta] $ and its covariance matrix $ V_{\eta} $. 2. Find all conditional distribution series for the random variable $ \xi_{1} $ under the condition that the random variable $ \xi_{2}=y_{j} $.

15.5.18 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

3.09 $

Problem: Let's find the constant $ c $. Calculate the correlation coefficient $ \rho_{\xi_{1} \xi_{2}} $ and the probabilities of the following random events $ P\left\{\left(\xi_{1}=-2\right),\left(\xi_{2}<0\right)\right\}, P\left\{\xi_{2}>-1\right\} $, if the distribution table of a two-dimensional discrete random vector composed of these values has the form: \begin{tabular}{|c|c|c|c|} \hline$ y_{j} $ & -2 & -1 & 3 \\ $ x_{i} $ & & & \\ \hline-2 & 0.1 & 0.15 & $ c $ \\ \hline-1 & 0.15 & 0.25 & 0.15 \\ \hline \end{tabular}

15.5.19 Two-dimensional random variables and their characteristics

3.09 $

Problem: Reduce the following matrix to a normal form by elementary transformations: \[ \left(\begin{array}{ccc} 3 \lambda^{2}-5 \lambda+2 & 0 & 3 \lambda^{2}-6 \lambda+3 \\ 2 \lambda^{2}-3 \lambda+1 & \lambda-1 & 2 \lambda^{2}-4 \lambda+2 \\ 2 \lambda^{2}-2 \lambda & 0 & 2 \lambda^{2}-4 \lambda+2 \end{array}\right) \]

1.1.8 Vector Algebra

2.57 $

Problem: Decompose the vector $ x=(-3,5,9,3) $ into the sum of two vectors, one of which lies in the span , and the other is orthogonal to this span, if $ a_{1}=(1,1,1,1), \quad a_{2}=(2,-1,1,1) $, $ a_{3}=(2,-7,-1,-1) $.

1.1.9 Vector Algebra

1.29 $